芬兰教育成功的秘诀是什么，给了我们什么启示？

看点：芬兰，一个人口仅五百多万，国土面积只有三十多万平方公里的国家。其教育发展水平在短短几十年跃居世界前列，芬兰中学生在世界 OECD 组织的PISA 项目测试中表现优秀。芬兰教育成功的秘诀是什么？其成功给了我们什么启示呢？近日，赫尔辛基市政府科技教育及教学环境办公室高级顾问Anna Rantapero-Laine在接受搜狐教育专访时就芬兰教育成功的秘诀、芬兰的自然教育、芬兰教育为何重视项目式学习等话题进行了分享。

受访人Anna Rantapero-Laine

搜狐教育：教育发展水平在短短几十年跃居世界前列，芬兰中学生在世界 OECD 组织的PISA 项目测试中表现优秀，在您看来芬兰教育成功的秘诀是什么？

Anna：Finland's excellent learning outcomes are the result of research-based pedagogy and its innovative approach to teaching and learning. This combination supports the creation of excellent curricula and first-class learning environments and processes. Equality is a key value in our education system. Therefore differences of learning outcomes between schools are very small.

芬兰优秀的学习成果是研究型教学法及其创新的授课与学习方法的结果。这种结合模式促进了优秀课程的创新和一流学习环境和流程的创建。平等是我们教育体系的关键价值。因此，学校之间的学习成果差异非常小。

Secondly, Finland has a very high-quality teacher training. Teachers in Finland must hold a master’s degree and pedagogical qualifications. They enjoy professional freedom and trust, and have the power to influence their own daily work and the development of schools. Teachers´ profession is higly-regarded and respected in our society and only the best very applicants are accepted in teacher training programmes.

其次，芬兰有非常高质量的教师培训。芬兰的教师必须拥有硕士学位和教学资格证书。他们享有职业自由并给予充分信任，有能力指导自己的日常工作和学校的发展。教师的职业在我们的社会中受到高度重视和尊重，只有最优秀的申请者才会被允许参与教师培训课程。

Thirdly, Finland has a strong IT sector and a booming gaming industry. This has helped to create favorable conditions for developing innovative digital learning solutions.

第三，芬兰拥有强大的IT产业和蓬勃发展的游戏产业。这为开发创新的数字学习解决方案创造了有利条件。

赫尔辛基虚拟城市 ©Helsinki Marketing

搜狐教育：这两年中国有个词叫做“内卷”，中国的父母普遍焦虑，家长们害怕孩子考不上好学校，跟不了好老师，比别人成绩差，幼升小，小升初，中考，高考……再加上自身的工作、生活压力，每一样都能让父母不淡定，常常处于焦虑与竞争之中。您怎么看待这种教育的“内卷”，芬兰教育存在这种内卷吗？您对中国的家长有什么建议？

Anna：The competition of global workforce and top experts is increasing around the globe and to some extent this type of tendencies can be seen in many countries. It is understandable that parents wish that their children would succeed in life. To some extent, the pressures for Finnish students in upper secondary education have been increasing during the last couple of years.

全球劳动力和顶级专家之间的竞争在全球范围内日益加剧，在某种程度上，这种趋势在许多国家都可以看到。父母希望自己的孩子在生活中取得成功是可以理解的。在某种程度上，芬兰学生在高中教育中受到的压力在过去几年里也一直在增加。

However in general, we believe that from happy children become happy adults. Play and also free play is highly-valued in early childhood education and primary education. We want to see our children to grow to their full potential, but not to risk their wellbeing in the process. If children feel safe, well and stress-free, they will also learn better. We try to minimize unnecessary comparison and competition between learners as everyone has their own strengths. Positive pedagogy is widely used in Finland, which focuses on strengths and positive feedback. This boosts motivation and self-esteem of learners.

但总的来说，我们相信快乐的孩子会成长为快乐的成年人。幼儿教育和初等教育高度重视玩耍和自由玩耍。我们希望看到我们的孩子充分发挥他们的潜力，但不要在这个过程中拿他们的健康冒险。如果孩子们感到安全、健康且没有压力，他们也会学得更好。我们尽量减少学习者之间不必要的比较和竞争，因为每个人都有自己的优势。积极教学法在芬兰被广泛应用，侧重于对优势的专注和积极的反馈。这可以提高学习者的积极性和自尊心。

户外活动的孩子们©Helsinki Marketing

搜狐教育：芬兰是一个崇尚自然养育的国度，芬兰为何如此重视自然教育，芬兰的自然教育有什么经验可以分享？

Anna：Finnish people have generally a close relationship with nature. It is a place for us to relax and recruit. Forests and nature are also very good learning environments for many reasons. One can teach and learn many different subjects and phenomena in a natural environment. Being active in a forest or in nature boosts the wellbeing of learners and teachers, reduces stress-levels and enhances resilience.

芬兰人与自然关系密切。自然是我们放松和恢复的地方。森林与自然也是很好的学习环境，很多原因可以佐证这一点。人们可以在自然环境中教授和学习到许多不同学科的知识和现象。在森林或大自然中活跃可以提高学习者和教师的幸福感，降低压力水平，增强韧性。

Environmental sustainability is one the most important themes in our society today and in the upcoming decades. Therefore building a close relationship with nature and understanding nature´s significance in our own wellbeing at a young age is now more important than ever.

环境可持续性是当今社会和未来几十年最重要的主题之一。因此，在我们年轻的时候，与自然建立密切的关系，理解自然对我们自身幸福的重要性，比以往任何时候都更重要。

搜狐教育：此前，网传芬兰首都赫尔辛基正式废除小学和中学阶段的课程式教育，后来这一消息被辟谣了，实际上芬兰教育更多采取实际场景主题教学，也就是项目式学习，芬兰教育为何重视项目式学习？项目式学习在芬兰的课堂是如何落地的？

Anna: The current national core curriculum in Finland asks that students take at least one module each year with the phenomenon-based learning approach. The purpose is to better prepare learners for real life.

芬兰目前全国的核心课程要求学生每年至少学习一个基于现象的学习方法模块。目的是让学习者更好地适应现实生活。

With this instructional approach, learners engage in learning that has more context to real life issues, apply knowledge and skills from different subjects, and develop important skills like communication, critical thinking, problem solving, and teamwork. These skills are developed from active engagement and doing, a key requirement in phenomenon-based learning. The outcomes of phenomenon-based learning are more holistic understanding of the world, learning to learn, critical thinking and collaboration skills.

通过这种教学方法，学习者可以真正参与到学习中，在更多现实生活问题的背景下，应用不同学科的知识和技能，并培养重要的技能，如沟通、批判性思维、解决问题的能力和团队合作的能力。这些能力是从积极参与和实践中培养出来的，这是基于现象教学法的关键要求。以现象为基础的学习结果是对世界有更全面的理解，学会如何学习、批判性思维和协作技能。

Teachers are collaborating closely as a team in phenomenon-based projects. Learners set study questions and goals based on real-life phenomena for their joint and individual learning. The learning goals stem from curricula of various subjects and the phenomenon selected. Various learning methods are used during the process. The learning process is evaluated thoughout the project. Unlike in project-based learning, in phenomemon-based learning the learning process is more important than the end result.

在现象教学项目中，教师们形成一个紧密合作的团队。学习者根据现实生活中的现象设定学习问题和目标，进行联合和自主学习。学习目标来源于不同学科的课程设置和所选择的现象。在这个过程中使用了各种学习方法。整个项目对学习过程进行评估。与基于项目的学习不同，在现象教学的学习中，学习过程比最终结果更重要。

Helsinki is applying phenomenon-based learning in all levels of education, from early childhood education to vocational education.

赫尔辛基正在将以现象教学方法应用于各级教育，从幼儿教育到职业教育。

赫尔辛基教师在课堂教学©CityofHelsinki

搜狐教育：我们了解到，芬兰在今年开始运行了赫尔辛基教育创新中心，目的是什么？目前的运营情况如何？目前为止，有没有比较突出的项目或者案例分享一下？

Anna：Helsinki Education Hub is an EdTech Innovation and Startup Centre. Our main purpose is to strengthen learning and education by improving EdTech start-ups’ product development, innovations and productivity. We bring the EdTech ecosystem (startups, corporations, teachers, learners, researchers, investors, governmental and non-governmental organisations) together systematically in Finland and globally. Our vision is to be global model for sharing best practices in advancing education around the globe.

赫尔辛基教育创新中心是一个教育科技创新和创业中心。我们的主要目的是通过提高教育科技初创企业的产品开发、创新和生产力来加强学习和教育。我们将教育科技生态系统（初创企业、企业、教师、学习者、研究人员、投资者、政府和非政府组织）系统地整合到芬兰乃至全球。我们的愿景是成为分享且促进全球教育的最佳实践典范。

Our main goals are:

· to advance growth of EdTech entrepreneurship and new businesses,

· development and internationalization of a EdTech Testbed, and

· expansion of cooperation and networking models within EdTech community.

我们的主要目标是:

· 促进教育科技创业和新业务的增长，

· 教育科技技术测试平台的开发和国际化

· 扩大教育科技社区内的合作和网络模式。

We started our operations only a month ago. Our Edtech Incubator programme´s first batch starts in a couple of weeks´ time and we have arranged a number of events and seminars for the Finnish and international audience. As an example we organized the Innovations in Education Business Seminar and Pop-Up School activities between Helsinki and Beijing schools as a part of Helsinki´s Guest City program in Beijing Design Week. More information about our activities: http://educationhubhelsinki.fi/

我们一个月前才开始营业。我们的教育科技孵化器项目的第一批将在接下来几周内启动，我们已经为芬兰和国际观众安排了一系列的活动和研讨会。作为北京设计周赫尔辛基主宾城市项目的一部分，我们组织了赫尔辛基和北京学校之间的教育商业创新研讨会和快闪学校活动。更多有关我们活动的资料: http://educationhubhelsinki.fi/

搜狐教育：学习者可以在赫尔辛基教育创新中心收获到什么？

Anna：At Helsinki Education Hub, teachers and learners can take part in a variaty of EdTech co-creation prosesses together with companies and researchers. Teachers and learners play a key role in co-creation of innovative educational technology solutions. Having a front-row seat, they are best equipped to see what is possible with new technologies and can influence how products in the sector are developed. Teachers and learners gain expertise in educational technologies, product development and collaboration with companies. Teachers can also provide inspiring learning projects for their learners. Co-creation also offers learners a unique opportunity to participate in companies’ product development processes and thus familiarise themselves with the everyday operations of companies.

在赫尔辛基教育创新中心，老师和学生可以与公司和研究人员一起参与多种EdTech的创造过程。老师和学生在创新教育技术解决方案的协同创造中发挥着关键作用。站在技术的最前沿，他们最能了解新技术的可能性，并能影响该领域产品的开发方式。老师和学生可以在教育技术、产品开发和与公司合作方面获得专业知识。教师也可以为他们的学生提供鼓舞人心的学习项目。共同创造也为学习者提供了一个独特的机会，以参与公司的产品开发过程，从而了解一个公司的日常运作方式。

In addition, various national and international events and trainings are arranged for learners and teachers at the Hub´s premises related to educational technologies.

此外，中心还为学生和教师安排了各种与教育技术相关的国内外活动和培训。

教育周上的机器人展示 ©CityofHelsinki

搜狐教育：智能学习环境是全球教育领域面临的共同课题，虚拟场景、人工智能及远程教学是目前应用比较广泛的几个方式，芬兰在智能学习环境方面的探索是否有新突破？在现有的几种智能学习方式中，您认为芬兰在哪种方式上表现的最突出？

Anna: In Finland, digital and virtual learning environments are always considered as tools for enhancing learning. They don´t replace the teachers but help in e.g. personalizing learning and providing emotional learning experiences. Augmented reality is used actively in outdoors, while exploring the city as a learning environment. Virtual environments are being increasingly used in secondary education (simulation education). Learning analytics and AI are used in many digital platforms across all educational levels. During COVID-crisis, all Finnish schools moved overnight to distance education with relatively good results. As a city, we select the solutions to be used very carefully and expect science-based evidence and personal data security.

在芬兰，数字和虚拟学习环境一直被认为是促进学习的有效工具。它们不会取代老师，而是在比如个性化学习和提供情感学习体验方面提供帮助。增强现实技术（AR）被广泛地应用于户外，将探索城市作为一个学习环境。虚拟环境越来越多地用于中学教育（模拟教育)）。学习分析和人工智能被用于各个教育层级的多种数字平台。在covid - 19危机期间，所有芬兰学校通宵进行远程教学，并取得了相对良好的效果。作为一个城市，在科学证据佐证和个人数据安全的情况下，我们非常谨慎地选择要使用的解决方案。

There are a large number of excellent EdTech solution providers in Finland. We excel in solutions focusing on e.g. wellbeing and language learning as well as STEAM education. In addition to K12-solutions, there are a number of solutions focusing on corporate learning.

芬兰有大量优秀的教育技术（EdTech）解决方案供应商。我们擅长专注于健康、语言学习以及STEAM教育等解决方案。除了k12解决方案之外，还有一些针对企业学习的解决方案。

责编：唐锦玲

来源：冷水江市融媒体中心